Shandong Sino Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.

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1.Mechanism of Action

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a synthetic aromatic tetrapeptide designed to target and repair mitochondrial dysfunction. Its primary mechanism involves binding to cardiolipin, a key phospholipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial structure and function. By binding to cardiolipin, SS-31 inhibits the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c, thereby preventing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preserving the electron transport chain. This action enhances ATP production and reduces oxidative damage, leading to improved cellular energy levels. Additionally, SS-31 helps stabilize mitochondrial cristae structures, which are associated with aging, and prevents mitochondrial swelling and apoptosis.

2.Applications

SS-31 has a wide range of applications due to its ability to enhance mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress. It is particularly beneficial for:

1. Cardiovascular Health: SS-31 reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac events, enhances left ventricular function in heart failure patients, and improves exercise tolerance in older adults with heart disease.
2. Neuroprotection: It reduces neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, and improves cognition in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. SS-31 also protects synaptic function and slows neurodegeneration.
3. Kidney Health: SS-31 helps prevent ischemic kidney injury and improves mitochondrial function in renal tubular cells.
4. Muscle and Fatigue: It enhances muscle endurance and performance, particularly in the elderly, and reduces exercise-induced fatigue by improving ATP production.
5. Anti-Aging: SS-31 addresses mitochondrial aging, a hallmark of the aging process, and can improve cellular vitality and reduce visible signs of aging when combined with other regenerative therapies.
   

3.Usage Dosage
SS-31 is available in several forms, including injectable solutions and intranasal sprays. The most common method of administration is subcutaneous injection. Here are the general guidelines for usage:

1. Dosage: The typical starting dose is 5-10 mg daily for general mitochondrial support and anti-aging. Clinical trials have used up to 40 mg/day without significant adverse effects.
2. Administration: Reconstitute the peptide with sterile bacteriostatic water (typically 1 mL per 10 mg vial) and store the solution in the refrigerator. Inject subcutaneously once daily, preferably in the morning.
3. Cycle Length: A common cycle is 4-8 weeks on, followed by a 2-4 week break. For chronic fatigue or cardiac support, a higher dose of 20 mg/day, split into two doses (AM and PM), can be used for 6-12 weeks.

4. Precautions

While SS-31 has shown an excellent safety profile in clinical trials, there are a few precautions to consider:

1. Side Effects: Mild side effects may include injection site irritation, mild nausea, headache, or temporary flushing. These effects are generally transient and resolve within a few days.
2. Consultation: Always consult a healthcare provider before starting SS-31, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.
3. Proper Injection Technique: Use sterile techniques to reconstitute and inject the peptide to avoid infection.
4. Monitoring: Monitor for any allergic reactions and do not exceed the recommended dosages.

5.StorageProper storage is essential to maintain the efficacy and stability of SS-31:

1. Reconstituted Solution: Store the reconstituted peptide in the refrigerator at 36-46°F (2-8°C) and use within 30 days. Avoid freezing or exposing to direct light.
2. Unreconstituted Vials: Unreconstituted vials can be stored at room temperature or refrigerated.
3. Shelf Life: The reconstituted solution has a shelf life of up to 6 weeks when refrigerated. Do not freeze the solution.